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Comment prévenir la décharge d’une batterie par temps froid
The colder the weather gets, the weaker car batteries become. Even a strong, fully charged car battery won’t feel 100% if the temperatures drop enough. If your car battery is only half-charged? It’ll freeze solid at just minus 10 F. If you live in Canada, the Dakotas, Minnesota, or Wisconsin, you’ve probably seen a few frozen batteries. Cold snaps and wintery mixes threaten battery life in every car.
And you rely on your car battery in the winter.
Holiday dinners, parties, visiting grandmothers who live over rivers and through woods — you’ve got places to be, family to hug, and eggnog to sip. Here’s the problem: Vous pourriez avoir la mauvaise surprise d’une batterie déchargée justement au moment de partir.
1. Faites vérifier votre batterie.
C’est très facile, et généralement gratuit, dans les ateliers de réparation en Amérique du Nord.
Drive to your closest Interstate Batteries authorized dealer and ask for a car battery test. They’ll use their tester to look for any weakness in your car battery – and even tell you the temperature that’ll kill the battery section.
Then you can pick where and when to deal with your new car battery, instead of a dead battery demanding you deal with it right then.
2. Continuez à rouler pendant encore au moins 10 minutes.
L’élément suivant pour prévenir des problèmes de batterie hivernaux. la conduite.
Driving every day keeps the damage of cold weather at bay. Your engine warms the car battery when you drive to and keeps your battery healthy.
Voici une règle de base : Roulez la distance de votre trajet régulier, même lorsque vous êtes en vacances.
The average commutes for Americans and Canadians are longer than 20 minutes one way, according to census data from the U.S. Bureau of Statistics and Statistics Canada. Making a similar drive — to a café, the in-laws, or even a grocery store on the far end of town — can keep your battery healthy and ready.
However, the moment your car seems slow to start, it’s time to get to a repair shop. That’s an early sign your car battery is going to die. And driving won’t help bring a dead battery back to life.
3. Stationnez votre voiture dans un garage, si possible.
Ambient temperatures during cold weather can kill your battery. Stationnez plutôt dans ces endroits :
- Dans votre garage
- Dans des stationnements intérieurs avec beaucoup de circulation
- Près de l’équipement chauffé
- Près des édifices chauffés
- Dans des espaces avec beaucoup de lumière directe de soleil qui réchauffera la voiture
- Partout où il faut plus chaud qu’à l’extérieur sans abris
Quelle est la température idéale? It depends on how weak your car battery already is. The weaker your battery, the warmer it has to be to ensure you can start your car. It depends on your battery’s size, power, and age.
The battery’s polypropylene plastic case offers thermal protection, too. Its internal design and material structure keep the water-acid mixture (electrolyte) about 5 degrees warmer. But the more discharged the battery, the thinner the mixture is. At 10% charge, the liquid inside is mostly water — but even then, water in the polypropylene case won’t freeze solid until temperatures drop to 28 F.
A fully charged battery can resist incredibly cold temperatures. (The thermometer has to read minus 80 F to freeze a fully charged battery!) But that strength disappears if your battery wears down enough. If your battery is only half-charged, it could turn to a block of ice at minus 10 F overnight. But, odds are, your battery-popsicle would have failed your car long before the temperature fell that low.
4. Couvrez votre batterie de voiture d’une couverture thermale.
Battery warmers, insulators, electric battery blankets, thermal wrap — they go by many names, but they’re all corrosion-resistant heat blankets for your battery. Elles sont offertes en ligne ou dans les magasins.
In a pinch, you can throw a dry, thick bath towel on the battery, after you’ve driven enough, to warm the engine. As soon as you park, pack the towel onto the battery. The extra coating will retain the engine heat. Definitely be sure to remove the towel before you start the engine again!
Most carmakers already give your battery extra coating. But most amateur mechanics who replace their own car batteries will often trash the protective battery coating.
Expert advice: Don’t want a frozen battery? Don’t trash your car battery protection.
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5. Ne chargez pas votre batterie de voiture avec un chargeur d’entretien seulement.
Lorsque la température s’approche au point de congélation, un mainteneur de batterie ou un chargeur d’entretien ne pourraient pas prévenir la décharge de votre batterie. But it’s not the battery charger’s fault. C’est à cause des températures froides.
Batteries aren’t as efficient in cold weather, whether they’re accepting a charge or cranking an engine. That’s when CCA or cold cranking amps really come into play. Those ratings say how much power they should give when it’s below freezing.
Recharging your car battery is a good idea at any time of the year to extend its life. Cependant, ce n’est pas facile lorsqu’il fait 32 F. À cette température, une batterie typique n’est efficace qu'à 65 %, que ce soit pour la recharge ou pour la puissance. Vous avez besoin d’appliquer plus de tension ou donner plus de temps pour la recharge de la même batterie.
It’s a fact. A car battery needs recharging — it’s a sensitive, sophisticated, electrochemical device, and its life depends on getting juiced up every now and again.
But, the colder the weather, the harder it is to recharge your battery.
In fact, your alternator may not be able to give your battery all the power it needs to spring back to life unless you’re traveling a long distance.
Comment recharge-t-on la batterie dans ce cas?
Your best move is to visit a repair shop. If a battery test reports a significant weakness, your local shop will have the equipment to recharge your battery’s life.
Or, if you’re scientifically and mechanically inclined and have a standard sealed lead-acid battery, you can get out a hydrometer and check the specific gravity to see if your battery needs recharging. You should not try to open an AGM battery because you shouldn’t have to.
En un mot, retirez votre batterie de voiture, ouvrez les capuchons d’évents et ajoutez de l’eau distillée déionisée. Ensuite, testez la gravité spécifique du mélange acide-eau de la batterie pour vérifier qu’elle est complètement chargée, à l’aide du tableau suivant.
| Charge | Densité relative | |||
| 100% | 1.300 | |||
| 80% | 1.268 | |||
| 60% | 1.242 | |||
| 40% | 1.215 | |||
| 20% | 1.188 | |||
| 0% | 1.162 |
Lorsque le mélange d’électrolyte à l’intérieur de la batterie est plein et à la température ambiante, vous serez en mesure de la charger facilement et prolonger sa durée de vie.
CAUTION: Frozen batteries are dangerous!
If you’re reading this, it’s already too late. If you suspect your battery is frozen, don’t do anything.
DO NOT try to crank or jump-start your battery if your battery shows
- Bosses
- Fissures
- Glaçons
- Givre sur les bornes ou le boîtier de plastique
